Psychoactive drugs in the road traffic in the legal and consultative aspects—Experience gained by the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice

Introduction

In the years 1997–2007 in the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice a total of 785 blood samples collected from drivers being the perpetrators of road accidents was tested for the presence of psychoactive drugs.

Methods

The studies took advantage of FPIA (Abbott), ELISA (Neogen), LC–MS and GC FID.

Results

21% of tested samples were positive. In the blood of the driver cannabinoids, amphetamine and its derivatives were most frequently found. Moreover, individual opium alkaloids, their combinations with barbiturates, benzodiazepines or amphetamine, benzodiazepine derivatives (isolated cases), drugs of benzodiazepine group in combination with barbiturates, tramadol or tricyclic anti-depressants (isolated cases), carbamazepine, phenotiazine, cocaine, dibenzepine, benzene, toluene and acetone were determined.

Conclusion

The obtained results showed cannabinoids and amphetamine derivatives to be the most frequent whereas opium alkaloids, barbiturates and benzodiazepines rather rare psychoactive drugs found in the tested blood samples of the drivers involved in the road accidents. The authors suggest screening psychoactive drugs not only in drivers involved in road accidents but also those put through the routine road check procedures. While giving opinions on the influence of the above mentioned drugs on the psychophysical efficiency of road traffic users, drugs and compounds which are not subject to legal control but have an effect on the human psychomotor efficiency and thus, enhance the risk of the road accident should be also taken into account.     

道路交通事故颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定

目的　研究道路交通事故中颅脑损伤的类型、特点、主要并发症及其受伤人员的伤残评定。方法　 862例道路交通事故颅脑损伤的案例资料 ,按伤者受伤的不同部位、有无并发症、并发症的类型及伤残程度进行统计分析。结果　复合性颅脑损伤 2 76例 ,脑挫伤 192例 ,颅骨骨折 79例 ,颅内出血 91例 ,头皮外伤 2 2 4例 ;主要并发症为脑积水 ( 19例 ,2 2 0 % )、癫痫 ( 16例 ,1 86% )、偏瘫 ( 14例 ,1 62 % )、植物人状态 ( 12例 ,1 3 9% )。结论　道路交通事故中颅脑损伤 ,以头部复合性损伤最多见 ,严重的脑挫伤为最常见的损伤类型 ,并发症的诊断应掌握诊断标准 ,并注意与相关疾病鉴别。     

论船舶优先权登记制度——从物权公示原则出发探讨如何解决船舶优先权与船舶抵押权的冲突问题

法定物权是否需要进行登记 ,是立法政策选择的结果。以此为基础 ,立法上应建立船舶优先权登记制度 ,取代部分学者所提出的船舶优先权信息公开制度 ,以进一步平衡船舶优先权人同船舶抵押权人之间的利益。     

20O1年海上丝路研究在中国(下)

2001年中国对海上丝路的研究蓬勃发展,先后在昆明、宁波、湛江和广州召开了4次有关的学术研讨会。本文试对这4次学术研讨会,略作评述。     

关于德国工会及劳动关系现状的考察与思考

尽管世界各国的国情和实现现代化的进程各有不同,社会主义国家工会与资本主义国家工会的性质和履行维护职能的原则与方式各有区别,但经济全球化条件下各国工会和劳动关系变化却有许多共同的特点,在德国工会遇到的一系列新情况、新问题、新矛盾和新挑战中,有许多值得我们深入研究和借鉴吸取的经验教训。我们必须看到,只要我们坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义工会发展道路,借鉴世界各国工会工作的有益经验,按照胡锦涛总书记提出的“扩大覆盖面、增强凝聚力”的要求,进一步加大落实“组织起来、切实维权”工作方针的力度,中国劳动关系领域面临的诸多矛盾和问题就一定能够得到较好的解决,中国工会的路子就会越走越宽。     

对城市道路交通标志设置的探讨

针对当前城市道路交通标志设置中存在的一些突出问题,根据车辆驾驶人信息加工规律和认知心理学理论,科学分析了对交通标志设置的影响,从交通标志设置点的选择、并设问题、空间位置设置以及可变信息交通标志设置等方面提出了建议。     

Sino-Japanese Dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands: The Pending Controversy from the Chinese Perspective

The Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands have brought China and Japan into a bitter dispute for many decades. With regard to the real question of who owns sovereignty over the islands, the two claimants can not come to terms on several critical issues, such as whether the islands were terra nullius when Japan claimed sovereignty in 1895, whether Japan returned the islands to China after the Japanese defeat in WWII, and how their maritime boundary in the East China Sea should be demarcated according to international law. There is no ready solution to the longstanding stalemate, but the pending dispute could be shelved and managed from escalating into a military conflict. Dr. Zhongqi PAN is an Associate Professor at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs in Fudan University. He received his Ph.D. in international relations from Fudan University in 1999. He was a visiting scholar to Lund University (2006), the John K. Fairbank Center for East Asian Research at Harvard University (2004), the Henry L. Stimson Center (2001), and University of Tokyo (1999–2000).     

Drivers of China’s Regional Infrastructure Diplomacy: The Case of the Sino-Thai Railway Project

ABSTRACT

The land-based Silk Road Economic Belt, as a part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, has become central for the country’s economic diplomacy since 2013. As part of these initiatives, Chinese authorities have been keen to expand their high-speed railways across the country’s border into neighbouring countries. Thailand has been one of the front-runners in negotiating high-speed railway projects with China. This article seeks to answer the following questions: what are the driving forces behind the land-based Silk Road Belt; what are the rationales behind the Sino-Thai rail project; and how can the process and outcome of Sino-Thai negotiations be understood? These questions reflect on whether we are witnessing Chinese economic diplomacy to advance commercial and wider economic goals or Chinese economic statecraft to serve foreign policy objectives. Overall, after examining the evidence, the article argues that Silk Road Economic Belt diplomacy and the Sino-Thai rail project are driven predominantly by economic motivations.     

Some Thoughts on the Construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road北大核心CSSCISSCI

As an integral component of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ strategic vision, the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road will reflect the developing path of China＇ s maritime geo-economy with significant polit- ical and diplomatic implications. Although the construction of the new maritime silk road has its？ endogenous logic and justified considerations, it will encounter various challenges and difficulties. In order to achieve the strategic goal of setting up a community？ of common interest and？ destiny with the relative countries, the ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ program has to be advanced cautiously with the principles of wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits.